Race Time Predictor
The Riegel model predicts race times across distances using a power-law relationship: if you know your time for one distance, you can estimate performance at any other. The formula T₂ = T₁ × (D₂/D₁)^k captures how endurance declines as race distance increases. Rather than a single exponent, this tool varies k with the distance being predicted (1.06 up to 10K, 1.07 to the half, 1.08 to the marathon) following Vickers & Vertosick 2016, then adds age-grading and stacks performance modifiers from other HAM.RUN modules into a composite prediction.
Frequently asked questions
How accurate is the Riegel race prediction formula?
Riegel is a good first approximation, not a guarantee — expect the marathon prediction to sit within a few minutes at best, and further out if your longest training runs are short. The original 1.06 exponent came from elite data and underpredicts marathon times for most runners, which is why this tool raises the exponent to 1.08 for marathon predictions. Recreational runners experience proportionally more fatigue at longer distances due to lower aerobic fitness and pacing errors, so treat any marathon predicted from a 5K as an optimistic ceiling rather than a target.
How does age affect marathon performance?
Peak distance running performance is maintained until approximately age 35–40, after which a gradual linear decline occurs. The decline accelerates after age 75–78. Age-grading tables normalize performances across ages, allowing fair comparisons. A 50-year-old running 3:20 may have a higher age-graded score than a 25-year-old running 3:05.
Can I predict my marathon time from a 5K?
Yes, but with caveats. The Riegel formula provides an estimate, but marathon-specific factors (fueling, heat tolerance, training volume) create more variance at longer distances. A prediction from a half marathon result is more reliable than from a 5K. The further apart the distances, the wider the confidence interval.
Sources
- Riegel (1981). Athletic records and human endurance. American Scientist.
- Grubb (1998). Models of marathon performance. Journal of Sports Sciences.
- Tanaka & Seals (2008). Endurance exercise performance in Masters athletes: age-associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms. Journal of Physiology.
Related glossary terms
- Riegel Model
- Joyner Model
- Compound Stress
- VO₂max